Top 10 Programming Questions and Their Answers
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Top companies like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft are always on the hunt for talented software developers. To help you land a programming job, interviewers will ask a variety of technical and behavioral questions.
Here are the top 10 Programming question answer to help you prepare. These programming, data structure, and algorithm questions are critical for any coding interview.
1. What is Object-Oriented Programming?
Object-oriented programming is a way of designing computer programs by bundling together data and procedures into objects. These objects are then able to interact with each other.
Objects can have attributes which are characteristics that differentiate them from other objects in the same class. For example, a person class might have attributes such as height and age. Object-oriented programming languages can also support encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism. This allows for greater flexibility in the codebase.
2. What is Array Programming?
In computer programming, arrays store multiple data elements of the same type in contiguous memory features. This allows for faster searching and sorting of data values.
In coding languages like Python, arrays have a capacity which can be expanded as the software encounters new data values. This reduces programming time and helps programs run faster. Arrays also support functions which operate on data as whole aggregates rather than individual scalar elements. This feature is known as vectorization.
3. What is String Programming?
In computer programming, strings are a type of value that stores groups of characters. They can be letters, numbers, or symbols. Strings can also be variable length, but this will depend on the precise programming language and data type used.
Often, strings are implemented as an array data structure with entries that store character codes using some kind of encoding. They are also typically immutable, meaning that they cannot be changed after they've been created.
4. What is Data Structures?
Data structures are used to frame information in a way that makes it easier for computers to work with. They are an important part of computer programming algorithms, as they help reduce the amount of time needed to complete a task. Linear data structures are arranged in a sequential manner with each data element connected to its previous and next elements. Examples of linear data structures include arrays, stacks, and queues.
5. What is Algorithms?
Algorithms are step-by-step procedures that solve a problem or complete a task. Recipes, mathematical formulas and even a simple process such as driving from one location to another are algorithms.
In computer science, algorithms are designed to create replicable outcomes. They are broken down into steps that can be easily translated to a programming language. Some characteristics of an algorithm include: unambiguity, finiteness and correctness.
6. What is Database Programming?
Database programming is the process of writing code to manage data and information structured as fields, records, and files. This is typically done using the SQL programming language, which enables data insertion, deletion, retrieval, and modification.
Database programmers must be proficient in multiple front-end and back-end programming languages. This includes HTML, JavaScript, Python, and C. They should also have an understanding of databases and their frameworks.
7. What is Object-Oriented Design?
The object-oriented design method views a software system as a collection of objects. Each object has internal data representing its state and functions that manipulate it. Similar objects form a class.
Object-oriented programming also supports the concept of polymorphism, which allows a single interface to perform different tasks for different types. This allows for code reusability and helps make programs easier to understand and debug.
8. What is Data Structures?
Data structures are a specialized format for organizing information on a computer. They allow information to be stored, processed, and retrieved quickly and effectively.
There are two types of data structures: linear and non-linear. A linear data structure stores and retrieves data items adjacent to each other. Examples include arrays, linked lists, queues and stacks. A non-linear data structure allows each data item to be connected to any number of other data items.
9. What is Algorithms?
Algorithms are a set of precise steps that lead to a desired outcome. They should have the following characteristics: modularity, correctness, and finiteness.
Most of us are familiar with algorithms in our daily lives. For example, when we tie our shoes, we follow a limited number of steps that result in the traditional shoelace knot. Algorithms are also used in computer science.
10. What is Data Structures?
Data structures are specialized formats for organizing, processing, storing and retrieving information. They allow programmers to handle large amounts of data easily and efficiently.
Linear data structures arrange data items in sequential form. Examples include arrays, stacks and linked lists. Non-linear data structures, like graphs and trees, have a hierarchical structure with multiple levels. Data structures can be static or dynamic. Static data structures have a fixed format, size and memory location. Dynamic data structures can change their size during runtime.